The Cognitive Function of Artificial Intelligence in Migration Administrative Procedures: The New Face of the Algorithmic State or the Real Identity of the Surveillance State?

ABSTRACT The work aims to investigate the role of artificial intelligence in the field of migration, as a specific area of public action where national and public security requirements intersect with the need to protect individual rights. In particular, the analysis focuses on the cognitive function currently performed by artificial intelligence in this context, highlighting its potential applications within Italian migration procedures, as well as the necessary safeguards required to prevent distortive uses. The article concludes with some reflections on the legal conditions that must be met to ensure that the dissemination of these technologies takes place in a manner consistent with the protection of human rights within the Italian legal system, taking into account the most recent legislative developments.

KEYWORDS Artificial intelligence - Cognitive function - Recognition of international protection - Entry visa - Expulsion on grounds of social dangerousness

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction. – 2. International Protection and Artificial Intelligence between Legality and Opportunity. – 3. Entry Visas and Artificial Intelligence: Towards a Reassessment of the Discretionary Powers of Italian Embassies. – 4. Expulsion Orders on Grounds of Social Dangerousness and Predictive Policing: Towards the Emergence of the Surveillance State? – 5. Final Remarks.